How Much Transfer is this?

[NYColt]

My website did 201746kb in transfers for April, what does that translate to Gigs?

Thanks

[(jj)]

201746kb=201,746,000 bytes

or 201.746 Megabytes

or .201 Gigabytes

A long way from your bandwidth max.

Just remember that for any kb amount, to add 3 zeros to the end of the number to get the whole number.


Just my "For What It's Worth"

[MannInc]

Actually jj, the total is as follows:

201,746 Kb /1024 = 197.017578125 MB (1024k = 1MB)

197.017578125 MB / 1000 = 0.197017578125 GB (1000MB = 1GB)

Hope this helps!

Your math was almost correct, but there are 1,048,576 bytes in a MB, not 1,000,000 bytes :)

[RSaucier]

Useless Knowledge Man butts in!

Next to useless knowledge:

kilobyte = 2^10 = 1024 bytes = 1,024 B
megabyte = 2^20 = 1,048,576 bytes = 1,024 KB
gigabyte = 2^30 = 1,073,741,824 bytes = 1,024 MB

...and so on through terabytes, petabytes, zettabytes and yottabytes.

Roughly speaking, you can guesstimate storage by using 10 to the xth power, where x is a multiple of 3:

10^3 = 1,000 = ~1 KB
10^6 = 1,000,000 = ~1 MB
10^9 = 1,000,000,000 = ~1 GB

... but then you start getting into incremental issues that might cost you an extra US$8 a month... :)

More Free Useless Knowledge: Did you know that "giga-" was originally pronounced "jiga", with a soft "g". Thanks to us 'puter geeks mispronouncing it over the last few years, it's become correct to pronounce it with the hard "g".

Watch "Back To The Future" sometime -- the Prof uses the soft "g" when pronouncing "gigawatts".

Crawling back under my rock...
Robert

[(jj)]

Yeah Mike, I know that a kilobyte is actually 1024 bytes..

However, what does the k stand for? It does not stand for 1024 if you are talking grams, or anything else. It stands for 1000, and I've gotten to where I do not try to be so "precise" when talking to someone that I have no clue whether they understand the difference between a computer k and a metric k.

And since this person did not seem to grasp the "k", I saw no reason to try and be a math/computer science teacher.

Not being a grouch here, just explaining the reason I don't go into the fine details unless someone asks for something more precise.

Just me being me... ;)

[MannInc]

jj,

For general purposes a kilo (k) stands for 1000, but he asked about kilobytes (kb). Therefore, you'll need to apply the way kilo is used in computers, with 1 K equalling 1024 bytes, and 1 MB equaling 1024k.

This means that you need to use computer k's not general k's when talking about bandwidth for a more precise calculatio. All this talk about k's makes me a little hungry for some Special K :)

Still trying to figure ouyt why the computer geeks back when decided to go against the rules and make a kilobyte 1024 bytes, instead of 1000 bytes.

[RSaucier]

Hey jj & Mike,

Because I on the techie bandwagon following Mike's post, I'll have to accept some of the heat directed at him (not that he isn't a big boy and can't take it himself).

My attitude is: Why not take the opportunity to add a little knowledge to someone's arsenal? If they don't want to use it, so be it.

Besides, I'm a nit-picker. Plain and simple. Drives my wife crazy and that makes it one of the simple pleasures in my life... :D

Like you said, just bein' me :)

-Robert

Rubbin' people the wrong way since 1963(tm) and working his way into becoming THE persona non grata of the PowWeb Forums... :(

Useless Knowledge Alert!
Why "K" = 1024 in computer-speak
"K" stands for one thousand in one particular context -- when looking at things in a "decimal" (Base 10) point of view. In other numbering systems, it represents the number closest to 1000 when raising the base number by a certain power.

From a binary (Base 2) point of view: 2^9 = 512, 2^10 = 1024 and 2^11 = 2048. So, since 2^10 or 1024 is closest to 1000, it claims the title of "K".

Useless Pseudo-Knowledge Alert!
If "K" were to be used this way in other numbering systems, it would equal 512 in octal (8^3) and 256 in hexadecimal (16^2)!

Another Useless Knowledge Alert!
"Giga" used to be pronounced "jigah", with a soft "G". When it came into common use through the wonder of computers, most people pronounced it "gigah" with a hard "G". After a few years of this incorrect pronunciation, it has become accepted as one of the two norms.

For a cheap thrill, go watch "Back To The Future". Doc Brown uses the term "gigawatt", pronouncing it "jigawaht".

[Ddr]

all this Komputer stuff is making me giggy


Dale

*at least one step ahead in persona-non-gratitude and two in a bid for Forum's Seargent at Arms" *grin*

[RSaucier]

Then I'll just have to work harder at it, Dale! :)

Robert

[MannInc]

Man I learn new stuff everyday. I'm filing it all away in the massive (but leaking) harddrive in my head :)

[Atomic-Design]

Originally posted by RSaucier
Useless Knowledge Man butts in!

Next to useless knowledge:

kilobyte = 2^10 = 1024 bytes = 1,024 B
megabyte = 2^20 = 1,048,576 bytes = 1,024 KB
gigabyte = 2^30 = 1,073,741,824 bytes = 1,024 MB

...and so on through terabytes, petabytes, zettabytes and yottabytes.

Roughly speaking, you can guesstimate storage by using 10 to the xth power, where x is a multiple of 3:

10^3 = 1,000 = ~1 KB
10^6 = 1,000,000 = ~1 MB
10^9 = 1,000,000,000 = ~1 GB

... but then you start getting into incremental issues that might cost you an extra US$8 a month... :)

More Free Useless Knowledge: Did you know that "giga-" was originally pronounced "jiga", with a soft "g". Thanks to us 'puter geeks mispronouncing it over the last few years, it's become correct to pronounce it with the hard "g".

Watch "Back To The Future" sometime -- the Prof uses the soft "g" when pronouncing "gigawatts".

Crawling back under my rock...
Robert

What about exabyte?

[RSaucier]

Ack! I missed exabytes! Good catch...

terabyte = 2^40 = 1,024 GB
petabyte = 2^50 = 1,024 TB
exabyte = 2^60 = 1,024 PB
zettabyte = 2^70 = 1,024 EB
yottabyte = 2^80 = 1,024 ZB

"exa-" can also stand for 1 quintillion (base 10: 10^18 or 1,000,000,000,000,000,000)

And the Base 10 "close 'nuffs":
10^12 = 1,000,000,000,000 = ~1 TB
10^15 = 1,000,000,000,000,000 = ~1 PB
10^18 = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 = ~1 EB
10^21 = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 = ~1 ZB
10^24 = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 = ~1 YB*

*Though at this magnitude, the guesstimate of 10^24 is ~208 ZB short of 1 YB.

[Hosemeyer]

did you know when your buying ram your really getting ripped off? when you are buying 128 of ram, its really not 128 its less, and if you can figure that out buy useing info above this post...

[Jeff321]

Uhh... when you buy 128 MB of ram you buy 128 MB, unless the manufacturer is cheap and cheated you out of ram. Other than that it's the computer incorrectly telling you that you have less than you actually do (my computer says I have 127 MB as well). Anybody else wondering what ram has to do with 1028 bytes equaling 1 kb?

[esccanada]

Some systems use a portion of system RAM for other uses.

For example, if you have on-board video in many cases it shares RAM with the system.

With some BIOSes, certain settings will use a portion of system RAM.

[(jj)]

RAM is measured in the same way as hard drive space. Each Megabyte is 1,024 Kilobytes not an even 1Meg.

What you need to watch, is what is showing when your computer is booting. How much memory is it counting before it starts loading your operating system??

Depending on your BIOS (Basic Input Output System) it should show anywhere from the 128 Megs to 131 Megabytes. And this also depends (as Esccanada pointed out) whether or not you have built in Video or not, and if that built in Video is using "Shared Memory" or not.



Just my "For What It's Worth"

[Jeff321]

Why would the BIOS show more than 128? If anything, wouldn't it show less?

[(jj)]

No... because each Megabyte is really 1,024,000 bytes... and your BIOS is counting bytes.

So if you have 128 Megabytes installed, the BIOS will/can count it as 131,072,000 bytes of memory.

But as with everything else computer, not all BIOS's are created equal. So some will only display your memory count in Megabytes, while others count each byte. Many of the "name brand" computers do not even show a memory count and only display a total, usually in Megabytes.


Just my "For What It's Worth"

[MannInc]

Don't forget the built in meory either :) Usually something like 640K for onboard memory and the Motherboard cache (usually around 512K to 1 MB).

BTW, 128MB is actually 134,217,728 bytes :)

One more thing, memory is usually shown in kilobytes when you startup your computer, so 128 MBs equals 131,072 KB :)

[(jj)]

How long you been working on computers Mike??

There is no built in 640k of memory...not anymore. If you don't believe me pull out your memory modules and see if your computer will even try to boot.

That 640kb is your conventional memory which is derived from the first 640k of your RAM. Above that you have your Extended and Expanded memory blocks.

Also, your cache memory is not counted as RAM .. RAM is Random Access Memory which can be added or removed from the system. When was the last time you removed the cache memory from your CPU or motherboard? Older boards sometimes had cache memory that you could update via dip chips(dual inline pins) or small simm modules, but the newer boards and CPU's have that built into them and are not normally upgradable (fact is most cache chips are now flat packs that are soldered directly to the board and part of your cache is built into your CPU.

As far as the display of memory during count, you are right.. most computers do only show it as kilobytes which would be 131, 072 kilobytes. Twas my bad for not using a calculator when doing my math.

Different BIOS chipsets will display the memory count in the different ways, and it also depends partly on just how the BIOS is setup to begin with. If a person has built in video that uses shared memory, it will take it's memory from the total amount of RAM available and your computer will only display a memory count for the remaining amount of RAM. So if you have an 4 Meg shared video adapter built into your system, then your 128Megs become 124Megabytes... or your 131,072 Kb will be shown as 126,976 Kb, or approximately 127 Megabytes.


Just my "For What It's Worth"

[MannInc]

Since I was like 8 years old (so that's like 16 years) :) I never look at my memory, but I guess you're right. They have gotten rid of the 640K of onboard memory and the cache doesn't count. Geez do I feel old or what :)

[(jj)]

Well... don't feel old yet... you've got a few years to catch up with me :)

I didn't start when I was 8.. but then there were no computers around when I was 8, unless you count the abacus ;) But I have been working with electronics first and then computers for over 30 years now..

Now look what you've done... you've made me feel ancient.


Have a great day Mike



Just my "For What It's Worth"

[Jeff321]

Right, so the computer doesn't really show more than 128 MB, it shows it in KB, so some people might think it's more.

Oh, and another thing... I had better not disclose my age or you may feel even older ;)

- Jeff

[Bradley]

I started with a 128 mb of ram and added another 128 but somehow I ended up with 255 mb of ram?????

[Jeff321]

Only 1 MB off who cares ;) Your post reminds me... I was going to upgrade my ram as well. 128 just doesn't cut it any more :p